György Ligeti

Nekrotzar, a baroque, demonic variation on Dracula, and tsar or thief of death, announces the imminent destruction of the world, the Last Judgment. But the death knell does not sound, and the “great act of extermination” is foiled by wine, whose colour is all that it shares with blood. In this work, Ligeti amasses ancient models: carnival, medieval farce, the Rabelaisian world, in all its cowardice bordering on the obscene, puppet theatre, and comic book characters spouting insults and diatribes… There is much drinking, eating, and fornicating in varying degrees of perversion. As well as a fear of the alarum bells of the Apocalypse, the dancing skeletons, and the scythe that cuts down all life. Similar in nature to these mismatches, or collages, are the libretto, with its incorrect Latin expressions and truncated quotations by Saint John, intriguing timbres of the orchestra (horns, bells, sirens and  harmonicas), allusions and self-quotes. It is reminiscent of Monteverdi, Verdi and Mozart, and their ability to give life, through music, to characters and situations. We are also made to think of Bosch, or the pig running about with a carving knife slipped under its skin in Brueghel's The Land of Cockaigne. The piece serves as a catharsis to the terrors of history and our lives.